Meet Freya, the Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus)

Gyrfalcons are extraordinary apex predators of the Artic tundra. Known as the largest species of falcon in the world, the Gyrfalcon was once considered the “bird of kings” because in the Middle Ages, only a king would be permitted to hunt with this type of bird.  While hunting, the gyrfalcon can reach speeds of up to 130 mph as they dive for prey.

Where They Live

Gyrfalcons are native to the northern reaches of North America and Eurasia. They inhabit Artic tundra, open priaire, marshess and open farmland. Gyrfalcons can be observed in Oregon when they migrate south after breeding during the winter months. The majority of sightings come from coastal and Willamette Valley lowlands near waterfowl concentrations.

What They Eat

Like all falcons, Gyrfalcons feed primarily on smaller birds but will also eat rodents when the opportunity arises. In their native range, their main prey are Willow Grouse and Ptarmigan.

Climate Change

As an obligate cold climate species that exists mostly in the high Arctic, Gyrfalcons are recognized as important indicator species and are potentially vulnerable to the threats of climate change. Shifting prey availability, fluctuating weather, competition from other species, and spread of diseases such as West Nile virus as climate warms, could all negatively impact currently stable populations of this bird.